1.hdpram：
haochuang@computer9:~$ hdparm -h hdparm - get/set hard disk parameters - version v9.37, by Mark Lord. Usage: hdparm [options] [device ...] Options: -a Get/set fs readahead -A Get/set the drive look-ahead flag (0/1) -b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate) -B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255) -c Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting -C Check drive power mode status -d Get/set using_dma flag -D Enable/disable drive defect management -E Set cd/dvd drive speed -f Flush buffer cache for device on exit -F Flush drive write cache -g Display drive geometry -h Display terse usage information -H Read temperature from drive (Hitachi only) -i Display drive identification -I Detailed/current information directly from drive -k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1) -K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1) -L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only) -m Get/set multiple sector count -M Get/set acoustic management (0-254, 128: quiet, 254: fast) -n Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1) -N Get/set max visible number of sectors (HPA) (VERY DANGEROUS) -p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...) -P Set drive prefetch count -q Change next setting quietly -Q Get/set DMA queue_depth (if supported) -r Get/set device readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set) -R Obsolete -s Set power-up in standby flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS) -S Set standby (spindown) timeout -t Perform device read timings -T Perform cache read timings -u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1) -U Obsolete -v Use defaults; same as -acdgkmur for IDE drives -V Display program version and exit immediately -w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS) -W Get/set drive write-caching flag (0/1) -x Obsolete -X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS) -y Put drive in standby mode -Y Put drive to sleep -z Re-read partition table -Z Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode --dco-freeze Freeze/lock current device configuration until next power cycle --dco-identify Read/dump device configuration identify data --dco-restore Reset device configuration back to factory defaults --direct Use O_DIRECT to bypass page cache for timings --drq-hsm-error Crash system with a "stuck DRQ" error (VERY DANGEROUS) --fallocate Create a file without writing data to disk --fibmap Show device extents (and fragmentation) for a file --fwdownload Download firmware file to drive (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS) --fwdownload-mode3 Download firmware using min-size segments (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS) --fwdownload-mode3-max Download firmware using max-size segments (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS) --fwdownload-mode7 Download firmware using a single segment (EXTREMELY DANGEROUS) --idle-immediate Idle drive immediately --idle-unload Idle immediately and unload heads --Istdin Read identify data from stdin as ASCII hex --Istdout Write identify data to stdout as ASCII hex --make-bad-sector Deliberately corrupt a sector directly on the media (VERY DANGEROUS) --offset use with -t, to begin timings at given offset (in GiB) from start of drive --prefer-ata12 Use 12-byte (instead of 16-byte) SAT commands when possible --read-sector Read and dump (in hex) a sector directly from the media --security-help Display help for ATA security commands --trim-sector-ranges Tell SSD firmware to discard unneeded data sectors: lba:count .. --trim-sector-ranges-stdin Same as above, but reads lba:count pairs from stdin --verbose Display extra diagnostics from some commands --write-sector Repair/overwrite a (possibly bad) sector directly on the media (VERY DANGEROUS) -------------------------------------------------------------------- 语 法：hdparm [-CfghiIqtTvyYZ][-a <快取分区> ][-A <0或1>][-c ][-d <0或1>][-k <0或1>][-K <0或1>][-m <分区数> ][-n <0或1>][-p][-P <分区数> ][-r <0或1>][-S <时间> ][-u <0或1>][-W <0或1>][-X <传输模式> ][设备] 补充说明：hdparm可检测，显示与设定IDE或SCSI硬盘的参数。 参 数： -a <快取分区> 设定读取文件时，预先存入块区的分区数，若不加上 <快取分区> 选项，则显示目前的设定。 -A<0或1> 启动或关闭读取文件时的快取功能。 -c 设定IDE32位I/O模式。 -C 检测IDE硬盘的电源管理模式。 -d<0或1> 设定磁盘的DMA模式。 -f 将内存缓冲区的数据写入硬盘，并清楚缓冲区。 -g 显示硬盘的磁轨，磁头，磁区等参数。 -h 显示帮助。 -i 显示硬盘的硬件规格信息，这些信息是在开机时由硬盘本身所提供。 -I 直接读取硬盘所提供的硬件规格信息。 -k<0或1> 重设硬盘时，保留-dmu参数的设定。 -K<0或1> 重设硬盘时，保留-APSWXZ参数的设定。 -m <磁区数> 设定硬盘多重分区存取的分区数。 -n<0或1> 忽略硬盘写入时所发生的错误。 -p 设定硬盘的PIO模式。 -P <磁区数> 设定硬盘内部快取的分区数。 -q 在执行后续的参数时，不在屏幕上显示任何信息。 -r<0或1> 设定硬盘的读写模式。 -S <时间> 设定硬盘进入省电模式前的等待时间。 -t 评估硬盘的读取效率。 -T 评估硬盘快取的读取效率。 -u<0或1> 在硬盘存取时，允许其他中断要求同时执行。 -v 显示硬盘的相关设定。 -W<0或1> 设定硬盘的写入快取。 -X <传输模式> 设定硬盘的传输模式。 -y 使IDE硬盘进入省电模式。 -Y 使IDE硬盘进入睡眠模式。 -Z 关闭某些Seagate硬盘的自动省电功能。 测试硬盘的读取速度： 普通磁盘测试： # hdparm -t /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 316 MB in 3.02 seconds = 104.71 MB/sec # hdparm -T /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 19328 MB in 1.99 seconds = 9691.24 MB/sec RAID0测试(两块盘)： # hdparm -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing buffered disk reads: 622 MB in 3.01 seconds = 206.89 MB/sec # hdparm -T /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1: Timing cached reads: 19632 MB in 1.99 seconds = 9844.20 MB/sec RAID0测试(三块盘)： # hdparm -t /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing buffered disk reads: 846 MB in 3.00 seconds = 281.54 MB/sec # hdparm -T /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 18412 MB in 1.99 seconds = 9229.67 MB/sec RAID0测试(四块盘) /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 19608 MB in 1.99 seconds = 9832.76 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 860 MB in 3.00 seconds = 286.35 MB/sec 另外ARID卡测试速度后，每次会警告： HDIO_DRIVE_CMD(null) (wait for flush complete) failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device 参考测试速度方法：time cp -a data2 data2 原文：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_60359c5b0100gjvw.html -------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.iozone： haochuang@computer9:~$ iozone -h iozone: help mode Usage: iozone [-s filesize_Kb] [-r record_size_Kb] [-f [path]filename] [-h] [-i test] [-E] [-p] [-a] [-A] [-z] [-Z] [-m] [-M] [-t children] [-l min_number_procs] [-u max_number_procs] [-v] [-R] [-x] [-o] [-d microseconds] [-F path1 path2...] [-V pattern] [-j stride] [-T] [-C] [-B] [-D] [-G] [-I] [-H depth] [-k depth] [-U mount_point] [-S cache_size] [-O] [-L cacheline_size] [-K] [-g maxfilesize_Kb] [-n minfilesize_Kb] [-N] [-Q] [-P start_cpu] [-e] [-c] [-b Excel.xls] [-J milliseconds] [-X write_telemetry_filename] [-w] [-W] [-Y read_telemetry_filename] [-y minrecsize_Kb] [-q maxrecsize_Kb] [-+u] [-+m cluster_filename] [-+d] [-+x multiplier] [-+p # ] [-+r] [-+t] [-+X] [-+Z] [-+w percent dedupable] [-+y percent_interior_dedup] [-+C percent_dedup_within] -a Auto mode -A Auto2 mode -b Filename Create Excel worksheet file -B Use mmap() files -c Include close in the timing calculations -C Show bytes transferred by each child in throughput testing -d # Microsecond delay out of barrier -D Use msync(MS_ASYNC) on mmap files -e Include flush (fsync,fflush) in the timing calculations -E Run extension tests -f filename to use -F filenames for each process/thread in throughput test -g # Set maximum file size (in Kbytes) for auto mode (or #m or #g) -G Use msync(MS_SYNC) on mmap files -h help -H # Use POSIX async I/O with # async operations -i # Test to run (0=write/rewrite, 1=read/re-read, 2=random-read/write 3=Read-backwards, 4=Re-write-record, 5=stride-read, 6=fwrite/re-fwrite 7=fread/Re-fread, 8=random_mix, 9=pwrite/Re-pwrite, 10=pread/Re-pread 11=pwritev/Re-pwritev, 12=preadv/Re-preadv) -I Use VxFS VX_DIRECT, O_DIRECT,or O_DIRECTIO for all file operations -j # Set stride of file accesses to (# * record size) -J # milliseconds of compute cycle before each I/O operation -k # Use POSIX async I/O (no bcopy) with # async operations -K Create jitter in the access pattern for readers -l # Lower limit on number of processes to run -L # Set processor cache line size to value (in bytes) -m Use multiple buffers -M Report uname -a output -n # Set minimum file size (in Kbytes) for auto mode (or #m or #g) -N Report results in microseconds per operation -o Writes are synch (O_SYNC) -O Give results in ops/sec. -p Purge on -P # Bind processes/threads to processors, starting with this cpu -q # Set maximum record size (in Kbytes) for auto mode (or #m or #g) -Q Create offset/latency files -r # record size in Kb or -r #k .. size in Kb or -r #m .. size in Mb or -r #g .. size in Gb -R Generate Excel report -s # file size in Kb or -s #k .. size in Kb or -s #m .. size in Mb or -s #g .. size in Gb -S # Set processor cache size to value (in Kbytes) -t # Number of threads or processes to use in throughput test -T Use POSIX pthreads for throughput tests -u # Upper limit on number of processes to run -U Mount point to remount between tests -v version information -V # Verify data pattern write/read -w Do not unlink temporary file -W Lock file when reading or writing -x Turn off stone-walling -X filename Write telemetry file. Contains lines with (offset reclen compute_time) in ascii -y # Set minimum record size (in Kbytes) for auto mode (or #m or #g) -Y filename Read telemetry file. Contains lines with (offset reclen compute_time) in ascii -z Used in conjunction with -a to test all possible record sizes -Z Enable mixing of mmap I/O and file I/O -+E Use existing non-Iozone file for read-only testing -+K Sony special. Manual control of test 8. -+m Cluster_filename Enable Cluster testing -+d File I/O diagnostic mode. (To troubleshoot a broken file I/O subsystem) -+u Enable CPU utilization output (Experimental) -+x # Multiplier to use for incrementing file and record sizes -+p # Percentage of mix to be reads -+r Enable O_RSYNC|O_SYNC for all testing. -+t Enable network performance test. Requires -+m -+n No retests selected. -+k Use constant aggregate data set size. -+q Delay in seconds between tests. -+l Enable record locking mode. -+L Enable record locking mode, with shared file. -+B Sequential mixed workload. -+D Enable O_DSYNC mode. -+A # Enable madvise. 0 = normal, 1=random, 2=sequential 3=dontneed, 4=willneed -+N Do not truncate existing files on sequential writes. -+S # Dedup-able data is limited to sharing within each numerically identified file set -+V Enable shared file. No locking. -+X Enable short circuit mode for filesystem testing ONLY ALL Results are NOT valid in this mode. -+Z Enable old data set compatibility mode. WARNING.. Published hacks may invalidate these results and generate bogus, high values for results. -+w ## Percent of dedup-able data in buffers. -+y ## Percent of dedup-able within & across files in buffers. -+C ## Percent of dedup-able within & not across files in buffers. -+H Hostname Hostname of the PIT server. -+P Service Service of the PIT server. -+z Enable latency histogram logging.